As organizations race to integrate new AI models into their workflows, everyone is wondering what the effects will be on industries, jobs, and society: Will these new technologies complement human capabilities, create new opportunities, or replace workers across various sectors?

The following table compiles research on large language models (LLMs), chatbots, and AI systems published since ChatGPT 3.5’s late 2022 debut. It will be periodically refreshed with new studies that explore how these technologies are transforming industries, reshaping employment patterns, and impacting society.